Sociology As Applied To Dentistry Health And Social Care Essay

Sociology every bit applied to dentistry is an indispensable portion of preparation for tooth doctors. The instance for inquiring, even necessitating, medical and other pupils of the wellness professions to prosecute with the multiple ways in which health-related phenomena, from single behaviors through categorizations of and schemes for get bying with medically defined disease to the support of healthcare systems, are embedded in the societal universe remains undeniable ( Scambler 2008 ) . â€Å" He or she needs it at the really least for protection against the really existent jeopardy of defeat and sadness when it proves hard to implement medical steps ; but above all it is needed if the medical and other health-related professions are to do their greatest possible part to the public assistance of the populations they are privileged to function † ( Margot Jefferys 1981, in Scambler 2008 ) Sociology is the survey of how society is organized and how we experience life ( British Sociological Association 2010 ) . ‘It seeks to supply penetrations into the many signifiers of relationship, both formal and informal, between people. Such relationships are considered to be the A?fabricA? of society. Smaller scale relationships are connected to larger scale relationships and the entirety of this is society itself ‘ ( British Sociological Association 2010 ) . It is a comparatively new add-on to the dental course of study, holding been ab initio introduced in the 1980s. An increasing acknowledgment of the importance of ‘social ‘ factors associated with assorted unwellness provinces has ensured medical sociology a go oning topographic point in learning and research enterprise ( Reid 1976 ) . The General Dental Council ‘s acquisition results for the first five old ages specifically states that as portion of the undergraduate course of study, pupils shou ld be ‘be familiar with the societal, cultural and environmental factors which contribute to wellness or unwellness ‘ ( GDC 2008 ) and many of the other larning results have a sociological attack at their bosom. The General Dental council highlight six cardinal rules that dental professionals are expected to follow ( GDC 2005 ) . The first two of these rules regard a patient centred attack to dentistry. They specifically province that tooth doctors should be ‘putting the patients involvements foremost, moving to protect them ‘ and that as tooth doctors we have to ‘respect a patients ‘ self-respect and picks ‘ . In order to carry through these criterions it is imperative that we understand that each person will see a figure of different influences on their wellness, and how that person will respond to each influence will depend greatly on what has come before and what will come after. Without this basic apprehension, tooth doctors will neglect to of all time understand their patients or supply them with the best attention. How a patient will move in any given state of affairs will really much depend on several factors that have influenced their life. What is accepted as ‘normal ‘ to one patient may be wholly different to another patients position. With peculiar mention to wellness and unwellness, societal and cultural variables have a important portion to play. Aukernecht showed this in 1947 when analyzing a South American folk. The folk had a skin status that harmonizing to biomedical criterions was a ‘disease ‘ . But this ‘disease ‘ was considered ‘normal ‘ by the members of the folk, so much so that if they did non hold it they were non allowed to get married! ( Aukernecht 1947 ) . Although this might be regarded as an utmost illustration, if you consider some of the information from the most disadvantaged countries of the UK, our position on what is regarded as ‘normal ‘ may be challenged. In the most recent kids ‘s review, it was sh own that 52.1 % of primary seven kids in the most disadvantaged class showed obvious marks of decay experience ( Scots Dental 2010 ) . Similarly if we look at the most recent grownup dental wellness study, it was shown that over half the people populating in the most disadvantaged countries ( DEPCAT 6 & A ; 7 ) were reliant on either full or partial dental plates ( ADHS 1998 ) . It is ‘normal ‘ for people in disadvantaged countries to see dental decay. What the people in this group in society respect as ‘disease ‘ may be wholly different than our perceptual experience. The universe wellness administration defines wellness as ‘the complete physical, mental and societal wellbeing and non simply the absence of disease or frailty ‘ ( WHO 1948 ) . It is of import that dentists receive preparation in the sociological influences that determine what wellness means to different people in order that they understand that this definition is unachievable for the bulk of the population. The medical theoretical account of disease causing as localization of function of pathology is flawed. There should be a alteration off from our focal point on disease. Switching tooth doctors perceptual experiences off from a disease orientated position that dental diseases are the consequence of distinct pathology, to the position that wellness or unwellness occurs as a consequence of complex interactions between several factors including familial, environmental, psychological and societal factors is cardinal ( Tinetti & A ; Fried 2004 ) . Our focal point should be shifted to a position of wellness that encompasses an persons ‘ ability to be comfy and map in a normal societal function ( Dolan 1993 ) . It is indispensable that tooth doctors are trained to hold a holistic attack to the attention of their patients, and are able to admit the impacts that socio-environmental factors have on wellness. As described by Dahlgren and Whitehead in 1991, forms of unwritten wellness and unwellness can non be separated from the societal context in which they occur ( Figure 1 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nap.edu/books/030908704X/xhtml/images/p20008090g404002.jpgFigure 1. Main determiners of Health ( Dahlgren & A ; Whitehead 1991 )Even with this cognition, tooth doctors must be able to associate this to their patient. The universe is non an equal topographic point and tooth doctors must be trained to admit the effects that inequality can hold on wellness. As antecedently discussed, socio-economic position has a major influence on the wellness position of an person. Equally early as 1842, Edwin Chadwick looked at life anticipation of those in different societal categories ( Chadwick 1842 ) . This showed that the mean age at decease in Bethnal Green at that clip was 35 for aristocracy and professionals but merely 15 for laborers mechanics and retainers. Although life anticipation has improved for all categories in Britain since this clip, inequalities have remained. The Black Report, published in 1980, showed that there had continued to be an betterment in wellness across all the categories ( DHSS 1980 ) . But there was still a co-relation between societal category and infant mortality rates, life anticipation and inequalities in the usage of medical services. In 1998 The Acheson Report once more highlighted the turning spread between the richest and poorest in society in relation to wellness and life anticipation ( Stationary Office 1998 ) . Regardless of whether you look at mortality, morbidity, life anticipation or self- rated wellness position, the gradients remain the same and the wellness of those at the underside of the category system is worse than that of those at the top. When looking at Oral Health a similar form emerges. Social inequality in unwritten wellness is a cosmopolitan phenomenon ( Peterson 2005 ) . More disadvantaged countries have higher degrees of disease in the industrialised and non-industrialized universe alike. The inequalities between groups are comparatively stable and persist through the coevalss. In the 1998 Adult Dental Health Survey, dental wellness was reported to be worse in the lower societal categories and that there was a clear gradient between the rich and hapless. Between 1978 and 1998, large betterments in the Numberss of edentate grownups were detected. However, the spread between those in the lower and upper categories was still evident. By 1998, those in societal category IV and V had merely reached degrees of unwritten wellness found in societal categories I, II and IIIm in 1978. In a more recent study of kids ‘s unwritten wellness in 2003 ( Children ‘s Dental Health Survey 2003 ) , similar forms were found. Those in lower societal categories were more likely to see tooth decay, were more likely to hold dentitions extracted due to disintegrate and were twice every bit likely to hold unmet orthodontic demand than their wealthier equals. Entree to dental services has besides been shown to change between societal categories. The 1998 grownup dental wellness study showed that people from a higher societal category were more likely to utilize dental services, and that in-between category grownups were more likely to go to for preventative intervention whereas working category grownups were more likely to go to for alleviation of symptoms. Working category grownups were besides most likely to see jobs in paying for dental intervention, and more likely to go to irregularly. Socio-economic inequality shows no marks of change by reversaling, rather to the contrary. In the last 20 old ages the spread between rich and hapless has widened. Harmonizing to the office for national statistics, informations shows that the top 1 % of the population ain 21 % of the wealth. Possibly more astonishing is the fact that about half the population portion merely 7 % of the entire wealth ( ONS 2003 ) . This has a major impact on how we deliver dental services. Dentists have to be cognizant of the fiscal restraints that face a big part of the population. With a limited budget to manus, dental intervention or so preventative steps such as toothpaste and floss may go a luxury that they can non afford. There is besides a demand for tooth doctors to be trained to recognize the effects of other inequalities such as gender, ethnicity and age on wellness. There are cardinal differences between work forces and adult females that non merely find their place within society, but besides their place in the wellness spectrum. Womans are less likely to keep a place of power and are paid less than their male opposite numbers ( Scambler 2008 p134-140 ) . They are besides more likely to endure sick wellness, although possibly surprisingly they outlive their male opposite numbers, so much so that adult females from societal category 5 unrecorded significantly longer than work forces from societal category 1- ? this ref, in notes but ca n't happen elsewhere! ( ONS 2000- ? 2004 ) . There is argument about the consequence that gender has on unwritten wellness, with some surveies proposing that gender does consequence unwritten wellness, with adult females sing poorer dental wellness than their male opposite numbers ( Todd & A ; Lader 1991 ) ( Downer 1994 ) . Other surveies suggest that the contrary is true ( Scambler 2002 ) . The issue appears to be related to the inability to pull a decision on whether it is gender entirely that is doing the inequality, or if it is by virtuousness of the fact that adult females are in lower societal categories than work forces and are presently populating longer. Age is the individual biggest ground for the lessening in sound and untreated dentitions across the population as a whole, with the following most of import factor being part of the UK, the more deprived the country, the more disease. Older people are more likely to be populating in poorness than any other sector of the population. In 2007/08, an estimated 2 million pensionaries in the UK were populating in poorness ( ONS 2010 ) . As seen in the treatment on societal category, this will hold obvious deductions for their unwritten wellness. Whilst life anticipation is increasing this does non needfully intend that people are populating longer in good wellness and there is some argument about the thought of healthy life anticipation ( in notes ) . It can be surmised that possibly an aging population will convey with it a catalogue of dental disease as they are non merely more susceptible to disease by life thirster, but by virtuousness of them falling down the societal ladder. Older people presently experience higher degrees of hapless unwritten wellness than other groups and overall they make less usage of dental services and receive poorer attention than other groups ( in notes ) . However, the older population is altering. More people are retaining natural dentitions into their old age, and are more likely to do regular usage of dental services. Dentists have to be cognizant of the alterations that are traveling to go on with their patient demographic over the following few old ages. This group of patients will necess itate more renewing and decorative interventions but will be further down the societal ladder and less able to pay for such interventions. Poor socioeconomic position is besides thought to account for the differences that are seen in unwritten wellness of cultural groups ( Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology 2007 ) . Programs have been designed to better dental pupils understanding of and attitudes to patients, such as Otto wagners cross-cultural patient teacher programme to better dental pupils understanding of and attitudes towards ethnically diverse patients ( Wagner et al 2008 ) . But what this type of programme fails to turn to is that the biggest factor in finding the wellness of an person is their socio-economic position ( Watt and Sheiham 1999 ) . Not merely do people in the lower socio-economic groups experience more ill-health, they besides are more likely to comprehend a deficiency of control over their wellness. Cornwell ( 1984 ) found that people in low socio-economic groups would travel to great attempts to turn out deficiency of duty if they became sick. In add-on to this, Blaxter ( 1982 ) found that people in lower socio-economic groups tended to specify wellness in a functional manner. These two points are important for tooth doctors to hold on. On the whole, tooth doctors by nature of their profession autumn into a traditional in-between category position. Middle category people are more likely to take a moral duty for their wellness and to experience that they can make something about it ( Scambler 2002 ) . Given that the bulk of the population in the UK position themselves as working category ( BBC 2006 ) , it is extremely likely that the tooth doctor and the patient will hold really different positions on non mere ly how they define wellness but besides on their personal ability to alter their wellness position. The differences between tooth doctors and their patients do non halt at that place. Recent research suggests that the lower the socio-economic position the less likely that a patient will go to wellness services in the first topographic point. Several ‘barriers ‘ have been suggested including fright ( Todd and Lader 1995 ) , handiness of tooth doctors ( acquire ref ) , cost and dissatisfaction with attention. It is deserving observing that the presence of barriers increases the lower the socio-economic position of the person. Even when people recognise that they are sing symptoms, they do non needfully seek medical aid ( Zola 1973 ) . Decisions about help-seeking are elaborately bound-up with the societal fortunes that people find themselves in. Evidence clearly demonstrates that there is a important sum of unmet demand in the community and that many people who experience symptoms do non seek aid from medical or dental professionals. By far the most common unwellness beha vior is self intervention with nonprescription medical specialties such as hurting alleviation ( Wadsworth 1971 in Scambler pg 49 ) Others have indicated the presence of a ‘lay referral system ‘ , whereby â€Å" the whole procedure of seeking aid involves a web of possible advisers from the intimate confines of the atomic household through in turn more choice, distant and important laypersons until the ‘professional ‘ is reached † ( Friedson 1970 ) . â€Å" A state of affairs in which the possible patient participates in a subculture which differs from that of physicians and in which there is an drawn-out ballad referral system would take to the ‘lowest ‘ rate of use of medical services † ( Scambler 2008:48 ) . This all adds fuel to the fire of the ‘inverse attention jurisprudence ‘ which states that those in demand of the most healthcare have least entree to it ( Tudor-Hart ) . Consulting behavior has besides been seen to non be entirely related to the experiences of symptoms, with every bit many as 48 % of those sing terrible hurting non confer withing a tooth doctor ( Locker 1988- in notes ) . The type of symptom ( i.e. hurting ) is merely one factor and the consequence that the symptom has on daily life is besides an of import consideration. It is indispensable that tooth doctors are educated in sociology as applied to dentistry in order that they are able to handle their patients efficaciously. Without an penetration into the bigger image, tooth doctors will efficaciously be clean uping the deckchairs on a sinking ship. The society in which a individual lives shapes the wellness, unwellness, life anticipation and quality of life of those within it. In order to do any alteration on an single degree, so alterations have to happen on a social degree. From work done by Wilkinson and Picket ( 2009 ) it would look that the best manner of cut downing wellness inequalities would be to cut down the income inequalities that exist in the UK. Their work showed that â€Å" there is a really strong inclination for ill- wellness and societal jobs to happen less often in the more equal states. With increasing inequality, the higher is the mark on our index of wellness and societal jobs. Health and Social jobs are so more common in states with bigger income inequalities. The two are inordinately closely related- opportunity entirely would about ne'er produce a spread in which states lined up like this. † Dentists have to be cognizant of this job. There is a demand for tooth doctors to force for authorities to implement policies that will undertake these inequalities. Dentists ( and other wellness professionals ) need to work together to seek to promote authorities alteration. There has to be a move off from tooth doctors accepting disea se at face value, tooth doctors have to be trained to gain that no sum of Restoration placed within a patients oral cavity is traveling to convey about the alteration that is needed to assist that person have a healthy life. Every oral cavity we see is portion of a individual, which is portion of a household, which is portion of a society. Dentists should be taught to ‘think sociologically ‘ ( Scambler 2008 ) . By believing sociologically we can get down to gain that whilst we are all knitted together in the rich tapestry which is society, we are besides co-creators of the design for that tapestry. Dentists need to take a more active function in the creative activity of that design, a function that is indispensable if we hope to accomplish a more equal society. Unit 1- Health, Disease and SocietyPurpose:To present the relationship between wellness, disease and society and to specify and research cardinal theoretical accounts within wellness and unwritten wellness.Aims:Define Disease, Illness, Health and Oral Health Disease- a biomedically defined pathology within the human system which may or may non be evident to the person Illness- the ballad reading of bodily or mantal marks or symptoms as somehow unnatural Illness and disease exist in a societal model and indices of disease and unwellness produced by alveolar consonant and medical professionals do non ever make sense to the ballad population. Understandings of wellness and unwellness are constructed through the interplay between the symptom experience and the societal and cultural model within which this experience occurs. Health is a many-sided construct that can be experienced in different ways by different people at different times and in different topographic points Oral health- a comfy and functional teething that allows persons to go on their societal function. Describe cardinal historical fluctuations in disease patterns- Knowledge about the organic structure, about disease and about medical specialty, are merchandises of their clip ; they are socially constructed by what is ‘known ‘ or thought to be ‘known ‘ at any point in clip. Diseases themselves are socially constructed and can alter over clip. Describe cardinal theories of disease causation- monism and localization of function of pathology Monism- all disease in due to one underlying cause ( normally one of balance ) in the solid or unstable parts of the organic structure. Balance distrupted, unwellness will happen. Restoration of balance, remedy and unwellness irradicated Localization of function of pathology- Medical scientific discipline developed this theory. Cases Discuss the altering nature of dental disease forms in grownup populations Unit 2- societal construction and health- inequalitiesPurpose:To present the nature of societal construction and how this relates to forms of unwritten disease in the UK populationAims:Introduce and discourse the significance of societal construction and societal stratification Describe ways of mensurating inequalities Discuss the relationship between societal category and wellness Discuss the relationship between societal category and unwritten wellness Discuss accounts for societal category related differences in health/oral wellnessUnit of measurement 5: Social Structure and Health II – Gender ;Ethnicity ; Ageing and Oral HealthPurposes:To depict societal differences between the genders in relation to such factors as equality, work, matrimonial functions, and wellness behavior. To analyze the wellness and unwritten wellness of cultural minority groups in Britain today. To look at the impact of ageing and the lifecourse on wellness experiences, integrating outlooks of old age and differential intervention of older people.Aims:Define gender, ethnicity and ripening. Understand the mortality and morbidity derived functions for work forces and adult females. Understand gender differences in wellness behavior. Outline and discourse gender differences in unwritten wellness. Be cognizant of the inequalities in the general wellness and unwritten wellness of cultural groups. Have cognition of some of the major dental wellness jobs of older people. Be cognizant of the societal impact of ageing on dental wellness.Unit of measurement 5: Health and Illness Behaviour and the Dentist-Patient RelationshipPurpose:To present the constructs of wellness and illness behavior and measure the scope of factors which influence what happens when people become sick.Aims:aˆ? To sketch and discourse different perceptual experiences of wellness and unwellness. aˆ? To discourse the clinical iceberg in populations and its deductions for dental wellness. aˆ? To present and discourse the nucleus variables Influencing illness behavior. aˆ? To discourse the construct of ‘triggers ‘ for seeking dental attention and their deductions for the dental intervention experience. aˆ? To present the construct of entree to wellness attention. aˆ? To discourse the nature of the dentist -patient relationship. In order to get down to look at these inequalities, persons can be stratified into different groups, harmonizing to specified standards and ensuing in a hierarchy with those at the lower terminal agony in comparing with those at the top of the system. â€Å" Social stratification involves a hierarchy of societal groups. Members of a peculiar stratum have common individuality, similar involvements and a similar life style. They enjoy or suffer the unequal distribution of wagess in society as members of different societal groups. † ( Haralambos and Holburn 2000 ) . Webber devised a hierarchal theoretical account, in which category relates to occupational standing. Occupational type is considered along with societal position and power. This theoretical account forms the footing for the two theoretical accounts of societal category which are most frequently used within research in the United kingdom: Registrar Generals Model of Social Class and National Statistics Socio-economic Classification. Social Class has long been associated with degrees of wellness.

Business Structures Essay

If someone wants to start a business, that person would have to decide which structure he or she would want to use. To know what kind of structure he or she has to know what kind of business he or she is trying to run and who will run it with him or her. Structures range from sole proprietorships and partnerships to corporations. When companies first start up, they consider sole proprietorships or partnerships, but as they grow into larger companies, they become corporations. When someone first opens a business it may just be him or her, those companies consider sole proprietorships, meaning a business owned by one person. There are several advantages when running a sole proprietorship. First is it is the simplest type of business to start and run and also it is not regulated as much. Also, sole proprietorships pay lower income taxes compared to other business structures. Last, when a company is a sole proprietorship, decision-making rest on the owner’s shoulders but the owner keeps all profits (Films Media Group, 2011). Even though there are some very good advantages owning a sole proprietorship, there are also some disadvantages. The biggest advantage is also the biggest disadvantage, the bills, debts, and major obligations. If the owner does not pay the bills, the company cannot run. Another big disadvantage is the capital the business has. If the owner does not have some other capital invested into the company, the company will not grow. The last disadvantage is running the company when the owner leaves or dies. Because there is no one else with stock, the owner has to let the company go (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012). The next business structure is a partnership, which consist of two or more owners that legally run the business together. With a partnership, the owners know what his or her position in the company is and how the profits would be split. There are two different partnerships; a general partnership and a limited partnership. The general partnership has the same advantages as a sole proprietorship, but has one more disadvantage. All owners have unlimited liability regardless of  the percenta ge in the company (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012). To avoid the big issue with a general partner, the partner would sign into a limited partnership. In a limited partnership, the company can have general and limited partners. One or more general partner has unlimited liability while limited partners only deal with the obligations he or she provides. To qualify as a limited partner, he or she cannot engage in the managing of the business (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012). The last business structure is the biggest and the last to get to. Large companies consider themselves to be corporations. Corporations consider themselves as a â€Å"person,† where the corporation can sue and also be sued, borrow money, and own assets like real estate. An advantage of a corporation is that the stockholders have a limited liability for all of the corporation’s obligations. Because the corporation is a â€Å"person,† the corporation is taxed as a â€Å"person† on the income it earns (Films Media Group, 2011). References Films Media Group (2011). Planning Your Business: Research, goals, and business plans [Video podcast]. Retrieved from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/ToolContainer.jsp?context=co&contextId=OSIRIS:40817068&activityId=16e92012-daa3-4692-89b0-622c50a227b6&profileId=4136b5d5-519c-4e35-a63a-f84741e11cd2&syllabusId=OSIRIS:40817068&version= Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S., & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (2nd ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Persuasive speech on dangers of texting and driving or Presentation

Persuasive on dangers of texting and driving - Speech or Presentation Example Some major accidents that happen result from things that could be avoided and therefore, there is a need to tighten the surveillance of observance of the rules and regulations in driving along busy roads. Research have shown that one of the major causes of roads accidents is texting while driving because it carries away the attention of a driver to the things he or she may be exchanging with another person and may result to knocking over other vehicles or pedestrian or even losing the way. In this speech, I will address the areas of; dangers of the texting while driving, impacts of texting while driving and ways through which people can avoid the problem. This will serve the purpose of persuading drivers to avoid texting while driving and encourage passengers to discourage drivers from texting while driving. Dangers of texting while driving In many cases where road accidents occur, they result from distraction that result from different things that come from within the driver or outs ide the vehicle but which occupy the mind of the driver. Of the distractions that happen, many of them result from the different internal distraction, meaning that drivers have a role to play in their cause and their happening within a vehicle. Many distractions, for example, result from texting from mobile devices, which drivers hold conveniently while they are still driving their vehicles on roads. For this reason, texting exposes the drivers and other passengers to various dangers that risk their lives because they trigger different emotions in drivers causing them serious distractions in their minds. This happens because in the course of typing, reading or sending a message, the concentration of the driver shifts from driving to the mobile device that he uses so that they respond slowly to events that happen on the road (Kemper, 2013). Texting reduces the steering capabilities of a driver by large degree because they no longer concentrate on the road but focus on the mobile devi ce they use to exchange messages. This danger is realized because drivers look at the texting device rather that the road on which they are driving and this means that they never recognize road signs that guide their driving. In this case, drivers realize some things or pedestrians on the road when they are very close to them and this makes it difficult to avoid them and they run over them. This distraction is one of the things that drivers could avoid and there would be few accidents on the roads but they are fail to avoid the causes of the accidents but try to avoid the accidents themselves (Plotnik & Kouyoumjian, 2011). When a driver is reading a text, it is likely to take him or her about five seconds which is quite a long time considering the fact that a vehicle could be driving at a very high speed. The kind of danger to which a driver exposes himself or herself and others is comparable to that one of a blind person driving at a high speed in a busy road and assuming that he o r she will be safe on the road on which he or she is driving. This means that a driver who takes that risk causes unnecessary danger to the people near him or those with him and this can be avoided if he or she can fail to attend to the text message (Mertens & Wilson, 2012). Another danger of texting and driving is that it does not cause only one form of distraction but rather more than one because it influences the visual, manual and the cognitive performance of a driver. This means that it does not

The Health Communication Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Health Communication Campaign - Essay Example A health communication campaign is believed influential if it employs the psychology of persuasion through advertising, which is more elaborate and expensive.   This clashes with the more popular view that package warning labels incorporating all the necessary information and warning will serve the purpose, at less cost and effort.   Remember that the bottom line in every risk communication program is to change consumers’ attitudes and behavior, a complex task that calls for designing methods that would yield optimal results (Stewart & Martin, 1994).  Ã‚   The warning label strategy was primarily used in the anti-smoking campaigns in public places in some American states and in a nationwide alert against alcohol consumption during pregnancy.  Ã‚   Both communication programs failed to realize measurable results (Pechmann & Reibling, 2000; Hainkin, et al., 1998).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A cursory observation of consumer behavior shows that few if any read product labels for their risk content.   For most consumers, product labels, as in the case of food products, are generally a source of information for their nutritional elements.  Ã‚   It follows that a health warning squeezed into the product label is less likely to be noticed.   On the other hand, a health warning disseminated through the regular modes of advertising offers greater chances of breaking into the consciousness of consumers.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advertising today is planned with increasing attention on the psychology of marketing, factoring in such considerations as age, personality, message relevance, consumer trends, social and group pressures.  Ã‚   Advertisers also target specific markets for better positioning of the product or idea that is being promoted.  Ã‚   Without market segmentation, targeting and positioning, advertising is conceded as a haphazard affair, unlikely to achieve its object ives. This supports the contention that communicating consumer risks through advertising has better possibilities of success than doing it through package warning labels.  Ã‚  

Insurance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Insurance - Term Paper Example Economics defines insurance as a form of risk management, which is an equitable transfer of a loss from an entity to another and money is the form of exchange (Birds 54). An insurer is the company selling the insurance; the insured is the buyer of the insurance policy, whilst premium is the amount charged for a certain insurance coverage. An insured entity is protected from risks that may occur; however, the insured risk must meet the requirements for it to qualify as an insurable risk. Nevertheless, the insurance industry is flooded with many companies issuing different types of insurance at competitive rates. The insurance companies offer different types of insurance, for instance, auto insurance, health insurance, accident insurance, life insurance, and home insurance among others. The concept of risk is very important to insurance, as it is concerned with uncertainties. An insurance cover is usually designed to protect a customer against losses. Generally, clients choose certain covers that guarantee them a peace of mind and financial protection. For instance, life insurance is designed to assist loved ones incase of death of the insured; it is in form of payment to the beneficiaries – however, cases of suicide are not considered, (Holland, et al 65). The policyholder does not benefit from this type of cover, since it is active when he dies, hence benefiting his next of kin. Some critical illnesses are added to life insurance, and in this case, the policyholder will be paid a lump of money referred to as annuity and they are allowed to keep the money incase they recover. Car insurance is another common type of insurance since each driver is required to attain car insurance globally. Some types of Car insurance cover the third party incase of an accident and offer legal protection, but this depends on the kind of policy the insured has. Coverage may include the damage of the car, theft of the car, medical expenses and funeral

Nursing literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing literature review - Research Paper Example Although each society tries to churn out perfect human beings, the myriad influences of genes, environment and social factors begin to influence the personality of its members in diverse manners, which may develop in the right direction, or undergo some aberration in the process leading to abnormalities. Anxiety and depression are being encountered with increasing frequency due to this interplay and are therefore an intense topic for study and research in today’s society. Endeavors to overcome such disorders have been made through religious efforts, social counseling as well as the tools of modern medicine. The various factors leading to depression and others which reinforce or reduce it are discussed in the following paragraphs. It has been encountered in society that certain individuals are more prone to depression than others. Some people are able to overcome the intimidations of modern society in a more effective manner. The reason for the existence of such differences has led to research in this direction which has generated a number of controversial theories and mechanisms. One such hypothesis suggests that it might be due to the influence of early relational experiences during the developmental stages, which activate the hypophysial-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in an adverse manner (Beatson & Taryan, 2003). Any adverse or intimidating event in later life can trigger depression in such individuals. The basis for the predisposition to depression therefore involves a biochemical process which has been investigated by the authors (Beatson & Taryan, 2003). In a qualitative analysis of literature pertaining to the biochemical basis for predisposition to depression, the authors have compartmentalized the lit erature available into sections which substantiate the facts of this hypothesis in animal models as well as human beings. The authors have presented evidence for the genetic predisposition in some individuals to be more prone to being

Do Moral Rights Adequately Protect the Author's Work against a Research Proposal

Do Moral Rights Adequately Protect the Author's Work against a Derogatory Treatment - Research Proposal Example It is important to address this issue, in order to arrive at some recommendations on how statutory limitations can be improved such that the integrity of original works is not compromised, especially within a digital environment. This research proposal, therefore, poses the question: â€Å"Do moral rights adequately protect the author’s work against a derogatory treatment?† This research proposal examines existing statutes to find out whether they provide adequate protection for an author’s moral rights. The preservation of these rights, which are the personal rights of the author, is vital to ensure that creators of original works of value and merit are not discouraged in their creative pursuits by the distortion of their works through the production of derogatory adaptations of their work. In order to adequately address the research question, this proposal includes an examination of case law and how the courts have addressed the issue of moral rights. Some comparisons are also made with international laws. Based upon the literature review and case law, it appears that UK statutory provisions are inadequate to protect an author’s moral rights and enhanced protection for moral rights is necessary, especially in a digital environment. The Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 was framed to protect the rights of an author or original creator of a creative work.1 The CDPA protects copyright and rights of authors/creators for original work where there is a high level of human skill and labor that is involved in the production of the work2, with the objective of ensuring that the creator is rewarded for his innovative efforts and hard labor by acquiring the exclusive right to economic exploitation of his work.  

Visible and invisible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visible and invisible - Essay Example Usually, it is from â€Å"space† that we explore the spatial zones in architecture and the external surroundings. This techniques existence has been for quite a while in construction since the inception of architecture as a form of art. When designing it, there has to be planning as it determines a lot on the outcome for a piece of architecture. This piece discusses space and its implication to architecture with the intent of highlighting its usefulness within the architectural setting whilst propagating useful ideologies. Visible spaces entail those areas that can be conceivable by the mind on an architecture material and in the real sense; they are observable in the physical world. Moreover, invisible space in most cases is an illusion emanating from one’s thought upon observing any form of architectural works (Blundell- jones, Petrescu & Till 23. Prior to a person, joining an architectural school, space is the first thing of which he/she is taught. According to Blundell- jones Petrescu &, Till (115), it is a form of experience that motivates artists towards creativity. Space involves a graphic abstraction when intending to convey a meaning to the audiences or those using the architectural component. By knowing aspects that are existent or have been constructed, unknown concepts are comprehensible. We can reverse an image that is in the physical form to a space. Therefore, the idea for use in this case is exploring the unknown to known using visible spaces. According to Blundell- jones, Petre scu & Till (125), spatial boundaries and connection are created by the mind upon conceiving a piece of artworks. In most cases, space relies on the construction already in place such as a building or the existing natural environment. This is to mean that the idea of using space is not a nouvelle concept in the field of architecture. It is from it that creativity emanated and other ideologies associated with creative construction such as

Philosophy of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Philosophy of education - Essay Example Aristotle strongly believed that education has a potential to make a person live a happy life as it is through education that he learns to acquire, develop and evolve different virtues in life. Hence, he was of opinion that schooling should be provided publicly and should follow one method for all people in the society. Moreover, Aristotle’s belief that only that person who has better judgment, thoughtful observation and purpose in life is the happiest person, is true to a great extent as these are the qualities that helps in flowering human being’s personality and making him achieve his highest potential. Hence, it is extremely important to consider education as a pillar of human happiness and not just a means of gaining a ‘qualification’. However, Aristotle’s belief that education should be ‘one and the same for all’ is not applicable in today’s time. Science has evolved and developed to a great extend and has proved that different children have different intelligences and hence, need to be taught in different ways. I believe in this theory and would like to integrate it in future, if I get an opportunity to become a teacher. I aim to become a teacher and make learning in schools a joyful and fulfilling experience for children, as it was made for me by my teachers. I was fortunate to have inspirational and encouraging teachers in school. I loved going to school and enjoyed learning from my teachers. They have inspired me to aim for becoming an excellent teacher and contribute in building a strong educational foundation for children. While exploring different studies in the field of educational psychology, I came across some interesting ideas in articles by John Staddon and David Geary. John Staddon has pointed out that application of Skinner’s methods of ‘positive reinforcement’ and ‘operant behavior conditioning’ to the field of education, is not good for development of children. This is because the method of ‘operant behavior

Write an article with a right wing and left wing about exclusions and Essay

Write an article with a right wing and left wing about exclusions and the summer riots - Essay Example The department of education acknowledges that there was eminent occurrence of school exclusion among the pupils brought before the court. Exclusion is materially and socially established. Exclusion has substituted the older phrases of expulsion and suspension which were the approaches for elimination of unruly students from school. Exclusion of students from school has repercussions that widen outside education to the capability for the young individuals to take part entirely in the general public later on. This acts as punishment for those students who go against the rules and regulations of school settings. Recently, a study on socially excluded students and pupils in United Kingdom showed that they were not enrolled in any education institution, had no education, employment and training qualifications, live on state assistances and engrossed in minor crimes. This estrangement from training and schooling attributes to educational, social or emotional problems that were not adequately addressed in their early years of education. In the summer riots, young people looted stalls and corporations. Such acts are beyond reasonable doubt contrary to the penal code and subject to punishment. The young people are â€Å"outside the social mainstream and live in a culture at odds with any cannons of proper behaviours†. One of the primary roles of educational institutions is to bring up a morally upright society. Since the institutions cannot condone such unethical behaviours; the only solution is always to eliminate the indiscipline students from the institutions. Education institutions should heighten discipline among the students through setting up standards of behavior. The schools should also review their behavioural standards and policies and publicize to the students and parents. Once a student is found with indiscipline cases, he or she should be reprimanded, removed from the class, lose privileges or a letter send to the parents or

Explain How Each Sector of Industry Essay Example for Free

Explain How Each Sector of Industry Essay Explain how each sector of industry is linked together within a supply chain? In todays world, supply chain management (SCM) is a key strategic factor for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care and increased profitability. Today, most of the enterprises of a supply chain operate independently. For example, marketing, distribution, production planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizations have their own objectives and these objectives are often conflicting. This way of functioning prevents the enterprises from providing the right products to the right customers at the right time. All these organizations are individually efficient enterprises, but they lack coordination to produce required end results. A supply chain can be described as a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, delivery, and sale of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition. Supply chains are all about linkages. A supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Whenever a chain breaks, it usually does at the weakest link. In a supply chain there are many interfaces (links), and problems develop at these interfaces. The best way to overcome these problems is to, manage the supply chain efficiently. This helps the organizations to act and not react to the unexpected changes in the market situations. In the case of IKEA, the supply chain involves a flow of production and processes through each of the three industrial sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. Specifically, the various stages of the process are raw materials in the primary stage, manufacturing in the secondary stage, distribution and retailing services in the tertiary stage. In the primary stage, IKEA works closely with its primary sector suppliers to ensure that it is receiving sustainable and environmentally friendly raw materials. IKEA designs its own products and throughout this process makes sure that the impact on the environment is minimised. The firm uses a tool called the â€Å"e-wheel† to measure the environmental impact of products. This looks at resources, production, use and recycling for each product. Around half of IKEA? s products are made of wood. This is a good source of material as it is recyclable and renewable. Other production processes which help support sustainability include tables made from recycled plastic, rugs made from off-cuts, products made to stack for more efficient transportation. IKEA works with suppliers to reduce waste or use waste products in further manufacture. To help it has a Code of Conduct called the IKEA Way (IWAY). In the secondary stage, IKEA creates its products from raw materials. During this stage, IKEA also created added value for its products with the utilization of the smallest amount of resources. The IWAY Code also helps manufacturers by making sure that they apply sustainable principles. It also insists that they follow laws, health and safety requirements and do not employ child labour. It states that materials from non-sustainable sources should not be used. The Code raises standards for all concerned. IKEA also works with other organisations to support the Code. These include children’s charity UNICEF and the World Wildlife Fund. In the tertiary stage, IKEA does not use raw materials nor create its products. IKEA’s retail stores add value to manufactured goods by providing a form of shopping different to the usual high-street experience. IKEA has more than 260 shops in 36 countries set up to provide a retail experience that meets consumer needs. Stores are large and customers can pick their own purchases. Further services are provided through the IKEA catalogue and home delivery. IKEA also has set up initiatives to support sustainability within the company by aiming to recycle up to 90% of its waste, removing carrier bags from its stores, subsidising public transport and encouraging cycling (with a new bike given to each employee), giving low-energy light bulbs for employees, using only hybrid vehicles as company cars. Within a supply chain, every sector must be well connected. It means that the upstream and the downstream can not be separated in order to meet the market demand in any situation. The three sectors mentioned earlier within IKEA supply chain are well connected. IKEA uses excellent supply chain concepts, reducing and eliminating wastes at every stage and hence can offer good value to customers. The IKEA’s supply chain is a complete process that can match together the suppliers, the manufacturer and the customers. With the support of the primary sector, IKEA can sustainably produce high quality products and sufficient quantities to meet the market demand at the lowest cost. The tertiary sector helps IKEA go further to create added value for customers, bringing about a close and sustainable relationship with the customers. IKEA’s supply chain strategy to connect the three sectors closely proves that it aims to act out and become a global giant in the industry.

The Business Environment And Strategic Analysis Marketing Essay

The Business Environment And Strategic Analysis Marketing Essay ITC is one of Indias foremost private sector companies with a market capitalization of nearly US $ 19 billion and a turnover of over US $ 5 billion.* ITC is rated among the Worlds Best Big Companies, Asias Fab 50 and the Worlds Most Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among Indias Most Respected Companies by Business World and among Indias Most Valuable Companies by Business Today. ITC ranks among Indias `10 Most Valuable (Company) Brands. SWOT is an acronym used to describe the particular Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that are strategic factors for a specific company. SWOT analysis should not only result in the identification of a companys distinctive competencies, the particular capabilities and resources that a firm possess but also in the identification of opportunities that the firm is currently able to take advantage of due to lack of appropriate resources. SWOT analysis is an analytical technique used in strategic management BCG MATRIX The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) reflects the companys portfolio of investments. Each of the companys product lines are plotted in a matrix according to its growth rate of the industry and its relative market share The BCG matrix results in four types of decisions they are Question marks, Stars, Cash Cows and Dogs. PEST ANALYSIS Pest term is used to describe macro environmental factors namely political (legal), economic, social and technological. It helps the firm in understanding market growth or decline, its market position, its potential and its direction PORTERS 5 FORCES MODEL Michael Porters famous Five Forces of Competitive Position model provides a simple perspective for assessing and analyzing the competitive strength and position of a corporation or business organization ITC- INTRODUCTION ITC is one of Indias foremost private sector companies with a market capitalization of over US $ 19 billion and a turnover of US $ 5 billion. Rated among the Worlds Best Big Companies, Asias Fab 50 and the Worlds Most Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among Indias Most Respected Companies by Business World and among Indias Most Valuable Companies by Business Today, ITC ranks third in pre-tax profit among Indias private sector corporations. As one of Indias most valuable and respected corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. Chairman Y.C. Deveshwar calls this source of inspiration a commitment beyond the market. In his own words: ITC believes that its aspiration to create enduring value for the nation provides the motive force to sustain growing shareholder value. ITC practices this philosophy by not only driving each of its businesses towards international competitiveness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value chain of which it is a part. HISTORY EVOLUTION The story of the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Ltd. extraordinarily though it may sound, starts long before the company was established, or even thought of. It starts not in India, but in the US. It was started by James Buchaman Duke in 1881. W. Duke Sons Company was doing a flourishing business around 1889 merged with other four players in the market and set up the American Tobacco Company ( ATC ). ATC looked at the British market along with Imperial Tobacco Company Ltd. floated a new company, the British American Tobacco Company Ltd.( BAT ) which was to handle trade outside USA and Britain. With India having centuries old tradition of tobacco, BAT looked into this market. ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name of Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. Its beginnings were humble. A leased office on Radha Bazar Lane, Kolkata, was the centre of the Companys existence. The Company celebrated its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926, by purchasing the plot of land situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J.L. Nehru Road) Kolkata, for the sum of Rs 310,000. This decision of the Company was historic in more ways than one. It was to mark the beginning of a long and eventful journey into Indias future. The Companys headquarter building, Virginia House, which came up on that plot of land two years later, has become Kolkatas most venerated landmarks. The Companys ownership progressively indianised, and the name of the Company was changed to I.T.C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the Companys multi-business portfolio encompassing a wide range of businesses Cigarettes Tobacco, Hotels, Information Technology, Packaging, Paperboards Specialty Papers, Agri-Exports, Foods, Lifestyle Retailing and Greeting Gifting Stationery the full stops in the Companys name were removed effective September 18, 2001. The Company now stands rechristened ITC Limited. ITC- MISSION STATEMENT An organizations mission is the purpose or reason for the organizations existence. it tells what the company is providing for the society. A well conceived mission statement defines the fundamental, unique purpose that sets the company apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the companys operations in terms of product, services offered and market served. SUSTAIN ITCS AS ONE OF INDIAS MOST VALUABLE CORPORATIONS THROUGH WORLD CLASS PERFOMANCE, CREATING GROWING VALUE FOR THE INDIAN ECONOMY AND THE COMPANYS STAKEHOLDERS ITC-VISION A vision statement describes wat the organization would like to become in the future. It helps in creating a sense of direction for the company and its employees and leads them towards attaining the goals. TO ENHANCE THE WEALYH GENERATING CAPABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN A GLOBALISING ENVIRONMENT DELIVERING SUPERIOR AND SUSTAINABLE STAKEHOLDER VALUE ITC LEADERSHIP- CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The governance framework determines whom the organization is there to serve and how the purposes and priorities of the organization should be decided. It is concerned with both the functioning of the organization and the distribution of power among different stake holders. Governance chain- the governance chain identifies all those groups that have a legitimate influence on the organizations purposes. There are likely to be several conflicts of interest both between different stake holder groups and for individual managers of directors as they try to balance these various interests. The role of the governing bodies- the primary statutory responsibility of the governing body of an organization is to ensure that the organization actually fulfills the wishes and purposes of the owners. THE ITC WAY ITC defines Corporate Governance as a systemic process by which companies are directed and controlled to enhance their wealth generating capacity. Since large corporations employ vast quantum of societal resources, ITC believes that the governance process should ensure that these companies are managed in a manner that meets stakeholders aspirations and societal expectations. ITC has won the National Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance 2006 from the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. Leadership within ITC is exercised at three levels. The board of directors Corporate management committee Divisional management committee The Board of Directors at the apex, as trustee of shareholders, carries the responsibility for strategic supervision of the Company. The strategic management of the Company rests with the Corporate Management Committee comprising the whole time Directors and members drawn from senior management. The executive management of each business division is vested with the Divisional Management Committee (DMC), headed by the Chief Executive. Each DMC is responsible for and totally focused on the management of its assigned business. This three-tiered interlinked leadership process creates a wholesome balance between the need for focus and executive freedom, and the need for supervision and control. Since the commencement of the liberalization process, Indias economic scenario has begun to alter radically. Globalization will not only significantly heighten business risks, but will also compel Indian companies to adopt international norms of transparency and good governance. Equally, in the resu ltant competitive context, freedom of executive management and its ability to respond to the dynamics of a fast changing business environment will be the new success factors. ITCs governance policy recognizes the challenge of this new business reality in India. CORE PRINCIPLES ITCs Corporate Governance initiative is based on two core principles: Management must have the executive freedom to drive the enterprise forward without undue restraints This freedom of management should be exercised within a framework of effective accountability ITC believes that any meaningful policy on Corporate Governance must provide empowerment to the executive management of the Company, and simultaneously create a mechanism of checks and balances which ensures that the decision making powers vested in the executive management is not only not misused, but is used with care and responsibility to meet stakeholder aspirations and societal expectations. CORNERSTONES From the above definition and core principles of Corporate Governance emerge the cornerstones of ITCs governance philosophy, namely trusteeship, transparency, empowerment and accountability, control and ethical corporate citizenship. ITC believes that the practice of each of these leads to the creation of the right corporate culture in which the company is managed in a manner that fulfils the purpose of Corporate Governance. The governance structure of ITC, Strategic supervision by Board of Directors Strategic management by Corporate Management Committee Executive management by the Divisional Chief Executive assisted by the Divisional Management Committee The 3-tier governance structure thus ensures that: Strategic supervision (on behalf of the shareholders), being free from involvement in the task of strategic management of the Company, can be conducted by the Board with objectivity, thereby sharpening accountability of management. Strategic management of the Company, uncluttered by the day-to-day tasks of executive management, remains focused and energized. Executive management of the divisional business, free from collective strategic responsibilities for ITC as a whole, gets focused on enhancing the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of its business. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility is the detailed issues on which an organization exceeds its minimum required obligations to stake holders. It has been noted that companies increased their awareness of and level of activity in some aspects of social responsibility but they seemed to limit their involvement to a relatively narrow range of issues. It was also indicated that most organizations failed to seek out best practice elsewhere and this they suggested, indicated that social responsibility considerations were not pursued as keenly as commercial activities. ITC believes that an effective growth strategy for our nation must address the needs of rural India, home to 75% of our poor. It is imperative to ensure that Indias economic growth is inclusive, embracing its villages, so as to free millions of our disadvantaged citizens from the indignity of poverty. It is ITCs belief that Indias rural transformation cannot be brought about by the government alone. Nor can the efforts of a few enterprises make a decisive difference. Only an inspired public-private partnership can transform lives and landscapes in rural India. ITCs humble endeavors have demonstrated that it is possible to create and sustain a model that can harmonize the need for shareholder value creation with making a substantial contribution to society. For ITC, these are expressions of a commitment beyond the market. Of a conviction that country must come before corporation of a true pride in being Citizen First. E-CHOUPAL The e-Choupal model has been specifically designed to tackle the challenges posed by the unique features of Indian agriculture, characterized by fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and the involvement of numerous intermediaries, among others. E-Choupal, launched in June 2000 unshackles the potential of Indian farmer who has been trapped in a vicious cycle of , Low risk taking ability Low investment Low productivity Weak market orientation Low value addition Low margin Low risk taking ability This made Indian farmers and Indian agribusiness sector globally uncompetitive, despiterich abundant natural resources. The Model in Action: Appreciating the imperative of intermediaries in the Indian context, e-Choupal leverages Information Technology to virtually cluster all the value chain participants, delivering the same benefits as vertical integration does in mature agricultural economies like the USA. With a judicious blend of click mortar capabilities, village internet kiosks managed by farmers called sanchalaks themselves, enable the agricultural community access ready information in their local language on the weather market prices, disseminate knowledge on scientific farm practices risk management, facilitate the sale of farm inputs (now with embedded knowledge) and purchase farm produce from the farmers doorsteps (decision making is now information-based). Real-time information and customized knowledge provided by e-Choupal enhance the ability of farmers to take decisions and align their farm output with market demand and secure quality productivity. The aggregation of the demand for farm inputs from individual farmers gives them access to high quality inputs from established and reputed manufacturers at fair prices. As a direct marketing channel, virtually linked to the mandi system for price discovery, e-Choupal eliminates wasteful intermediation and multiple handling. Thereby it significantly reduces transaction costs. e-Choupal ensures world-class quality in delivering all these goods services through several product / service specific partnerships with the leaders in the respective fields, in addition to ITCs own expertise. While the farmers benefit through enhanced farm productivity and higher farm gate prices, ITC benefits from the lower net cost of procurement (despite offering better prices to the farmer) having eliminated costs in the supply chain that do not add value. ITC has taken care to involve farmers in the designing and management of the entire e- Choupal initiative. The active participation of farmers in this rural initiative has created a sense of ownership in the project among the farmers. They see the e-Choupal as the new age cooperative for all practical purposes. This enthusiastic response from farmers has encouraged ITC to plan for the extension of the e-Choupal initiative to altogether 15 states across India over the next few years. On the anvil are plans to channelise other services related to micro-credit, health and education through the same e-Choupal infrastructure. CAUSE OF UNDERPRIVILEGED CHILDREN ITC launched its notebooks brand Classmates, deliberately pricing itself 10-15 per cent higher than the competition, between Rs 10 and Rs 40. This ensured that it created an affordable-yet-aspirational image and also send a hidden message of being a superior product (60 gsm paper, bleached without using chlorine). Then, ITC focused on the design elements of notebooks: each Classmate notebook has a theme on the cover and related information inside. Then, the last two pages of the notebook have trivia and the back cover highlights the corporate social responsibility initiatives of the company Re 1 from each notebook sold is set aside for the cause of underprivileged children ITC supports 60,000 children in rural India. Providing uniforms and books, improving school buildings, adding electricity connections, lights and fans and running over 674 Supplementary Learning Centers, helping rural children aspire to a better tomorrow. This is one of the many ways in which ITC expresses its belief that country must come before corporation. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS The need of the hour is to diversify rural livelihoods. Towards this end, ITC has forged an empowering partnership with rural women the most effective development workers. ITCs intervention leverages micro-credit and skills training to generate alternate employment opportunities. Increased income in the hands of rural women means better nutrition, health care and education for their children. Working with NGOs, ITC has organized village women into micro-credit groups. Group members make monthly contributions to create a savings corpus. The corpus is used to extend soft loans to group members, thereby eliminating the stranglehold of the moneylender. ITC provides training to group members to handle bank accounts and understand the nuances of government development programs. Empowered groups function autonomously and take their own decisions, including sanction of loans to fellow-members and collection of repayments. Well-managed micro- credit groups with no default records receive further support from ITC in the form of seed money for self-employment activities. Venture funds provided by ITC have already spawned hundreds of women entrepreneurs. Their earnings, ranging from Rs 70 to Rs 150 per day, not only supplement household incomes but also significantly enhance their self-esteem. ITC also conducts skills training to enhance employability. Pickle-making, fish- processing, vermicomposting, spice processing and agarbatti-rolling in rural areas and chikankari, garment-sewing, driving and computer-aided secretarial training in semi- urban areas are some of the examples. ITC goes a step further to help find employment for these trained women in areas related to its operations. This program is helping women across Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Through its various initiatives, ITC touches the lives of 4 million villagers and has proved that it is socially responsible ITC STRATEGIES ITCs diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth, anchored on its above mentioned time-tested core competencies. Over time, the strategic forays into new businesses are expected to garner a significant share of these emerging high-growth markets in India. CONGLOMERATE DIVERSIFICATION When the management feels that the firms outstanding capabilities or skills can be better utilized and transferred into other industries, though unrelated to the current one, the firm then adopts conglomerate diversification strategy. ITC has adopted Conglomerate (Unrelated) Diversification strategy and accordingly has entered into an array of business apart from its traditional tobacco industry that includes stationery, FMCG, branded apparel, agri-business and packaging and paperboards. STRATEGIC BUSINESS UNIT It is that part of the organization which is a cruicial unit for implementing its strategies. It is also that part which fetches largest revenues. In ITC, tobacco industry is its SBU, as it fetches largest revenue and is its first business which has given the conglomerate a national identity. Also it has empowered ITC with an excellent distribution network which is vital for its success. This network is shared by all other business units of ITC. BACKWARD INTEGRATION ITCs Packaging Printing Business Division was set up in 1925 as a strategic backward integration for ITCs Cigarettes business. It is today Indias most sophisticated packaging house. State-of-the-art technology, world-class quality and a highly skilled and dedicated team have combined to position ITC as the first-choice supplier of high value added packaging. ITCs Packaging Printing Business is the countrys largest convertor of paperboard into packaging. It converts over 35,000 tonnes of paper and paperboard per annum into a variety of value-added packaging solutions for the food beverage, personal products, cigarette, liquor, cellular phone and IT packaging industries. It has also entered the Flexibles and Corrugated Cartons business. The Division supplies value-added packaging to the Companys Cigarettes business. Its client list includes several well-known national and international companies like British American Tobacco, Surya Nepal Private Limited, VST Industries, , UB Group, Shaw Wallace, Seagrams, Allied Domecq, Whyte Mackay, Hindustan Lever, Tata Tetley and Nestle, Reckitt Benkiser India Limited, etc. STRATEGIC BUSINESS UNIT It is that part of the organization which is a cruicial unit for implementing its strategies. It is also that part which fetches largest revenues. In ITC, tobacco industry is its SBU, as it fetches largest revenue and is its first business which has given the conglomerate a national identity. Also it has empowered ITC with an excellent distribution network which is vital for its success. This network is shared by all other business units of ITC. FORWARD INTEGRATION ITC Limited, the tobacco-cum-hotels major which has been fast transforming itself into a FMCG company, is targeting students by customizing notebooks for schools under the Classmate brand name and this is a part of the companys diversification plans to foray into the other sectors. Classmate notebooks, a sub-brand of Expressions has been customized for schools and is available at retail stores across the country. For this purpose, ITC has entered into arrangements with 150 renowned ICSE schools across the country. A portion of the money coming from the sale of the notebooks would be contributed to some social. The division is targeting the revenue of 100 crore. The business division of ITC is primarily a forward integration of the companys paper manufacturing activity. With ITC having a state of the art paper manufacturing plant at Bhadrachalam in Andhra Pradesh the division has been using the high quality ECF paper for its notebook to make it more eco friendly. MARKETING STRATEGY The marketing logic by which business unit hopes to achieve its marketing objectives. PROMOTION STRATEGY Promotion strategy is the strategy used to communicate the merits of the products and to persuade the target customers to buy it. Wills Lifestyle offers a complete lifestyle wardrobe for the premium consumers incorporating the latest fashion trends. Their clothing is not only the latest in fashion but they also come out with clothing for different seasons. They are very active in promoting their products by conducting fashion shows in national and international levels and sponsoring many fashion shows like India Fashion Week etc. PUSH STRATEGY THE MYSTERY SHOPPER A push strategy involves pushing the product through distribution channels to the final consumer. The firm directs its marketing activities (primarily personal selling and trade promotions) towards channel members to induce them to carry the product and to promote it to final consumers. Companies spend a large amount of money on trade promotion in order to gain or hold shelf space in retail outlets. Trade promotion includes discounts, in-store special offers designed to push products through the distribution system. As a part of its promotional strategy, ITC put up posters in the kiranas and used the concept of mystery shopping in case of the tobacco industry. Promoters were sent to the kiranas in town to inform the kirana owners of the mystery shopper, who will visit them at any time, any day and ask for a cigarette. The shop owner has to offer him only an ITC brand cigarette first, even if he requests for another brand. If he insists on another brand, then the shop owner can give h im the requested brand. If he does so, he will be rewarded with gifts like lighters. He will then be qualified to enter into a lucky draw and if he becomes lucky will get a fan or radio set. Also a bumper prize comprising of a trip to Mumbai or Singapore was offered. ITC adopted this strategy to increase its sales and awareness and to gain favoritism from the kirana owners. In anticipation of the mystery shopper, the kirana owners kept offering ITC cigarettes to all customers first and only upon a request or insistence they sold the requested brand. This increased the awareness and sales, while the prizes gathered the favoritism of mystery shoppers. PULL STRATEGY The Pull strategy is where the producer directs its marketing activities (primarily advertising and consumer promotion) towards final consumers to induce them to buy the product. If the pull strategy is effective, consumers will then demand the product from channel members, who will in turn demand it from producers. Thus under a pull strategy, consumer demand pulls the product through the channels. The sunfeast Ready to Eat Pasta came into the market recently. They have been able to establish its presence with 6 per cent in volumes of the branded noodles market and they come number two behind MTR foods in the ready-to-eat market. This has been achieved by excessive advertising which pulls the products through the distribution channels. The strategy adopted is to spend more money on consumer advertising designed to build brand awareness so that shoppers will ask for the products. COMPETITIVE TACTICS PIONEER FIRST MOVER Timing tactic- The first company to manufacture and sell a new product or service is called first mover or pioneer. The advantage of being a first mover is that the company is able to establish a reputation as industry leader, gain cost leadership, and achieve high profits from buyers. The first mover can also set standards for all subsequent products. The first mover has sufficient resources to both exploit the new markets and defend its position against its late rivals. ITC-Welcomgroup pioneered a holistic concept of branded accommodation in the hospitality industry. It was the first to launch the powerful idea of a Hotel within a Hotel by segmenting and branding the hotel services. It created exclusives hotels and executive clubs each catering to the needs of the global business traveler with unmatched quality and a range of services. ITC-Welcomgroup was also the first to brand its cuisine. The Bukhara, the Dakshin and the Dum Pukht are today powerful cuisine brands, which delight connoisseurs in restaurants in several ITC-Welcomgroup hotels. LATE MOVER Late Movers are those who are able to imitate the technological advance of others, keep risks down by waiting until a new market is established and take advantage of the first movers inclination to ignore market segments. ITC entered the biscuit business very late when the two major players Britannia and Parle were busy biting of chunks of the national market among themselves, with a host of smaller brands in various regions. The strategy that the company followed was to find loopholes in the industry into which they can tap. Therefore before entering the segment, ITC dug into market research. Research revealed that the category had gaps which ITC could settle into. Findings revealed that consumers wished to taste new and innovative products. That was precisely what the competition had not done in a big way. ITC launched Sunfeast with six ranges. But it was a calculated risk. ITC stuck to category favorites like Glucose, Marie and Bourbon cream. Along with that, it also launched innovations such as orange-flavored Marie, Marie light and butterscotch-flavored cream biscuits. Sunfeast followed this up with the launch of Sunfeast Milky Magic. More recently, it also has launched the Sunfeast Snacky and Su nfeast In August 2003, a month after its launch, the company undertook a major sampling exercise to promote the product. For two years then, the brand did all the usual rounds riding behind buses, blocking television spots, booking that corner space in your favorite newspaper and so on. Well differentiated advertisements, some which showed a complete cream world with cream rivers, cream mountains and cream trees, were targeted at kids watching cartoon channels. At the same time, on general entertainment channels, mothers received information on the importance of glucose, the wholeness of wheat and so on. Also, the company tied up with Bey Blades, the popular television series that was a rage among children, to promote itself. PRICING MODEL TWO PRONGED STRATEGY The biscuits industry is very competitive and the players fight for market shares. One way of gaining market share is by pricing the products attractively. The industry now has two clear models. Parle products play the low price game at all varieties of biscuits from glucose to cream. Sunfeast looks at a two-pronged strategy where it looks for high margins in cream variants and volumes from the Marie and Glucose segments. It does this as it cannot expect volumes of sales in the cream variant business and so they have a higher margin of profit. In the marie and glucose segment there is heavy competition and the biscuits hardly have any differentiation like the cream biscuit market and the consumers dont pay extra if there is no innovation in the product, so they look for having a lower margin of profit and more volume of sales. The strategy adopted by them is very profitable for the company. FUNCTIONAL STRATEGY Outsourcing is purchasing from someone else a product or service instead of provided it internally. The key to outsourcing is to purchase from outside only those activities that are key to the companys distinctive competencies. ITCs agarbatti SBU and Cottage Industries, Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, which makes the Spriha brand of handmade incense sticks have a strategic tie-up The agarbatti SBU, which recently launched the Mangal Deep range of agarbattis through 100 per cent outsourcing from the small, medium and cottage sector, has launched an assorted Spriha gift pack product. The gift packs, designed and developed in-house by ITC and specially created (with handpicked materials) by Cottage Industries, Aurobindo Ashram, will be in two sizes, and will contain items like high quality incense sticks in two fragrances, a perfumed designer candle, a collection of choice dhoops and a handy ceramic agarbatti/dhoop holder (all hand-made) in a compact box pack. Priced at Rs 100 and Rs 150 (two sizes), the gift packs have been launched in Bangalore as part of a test marketing exercise through outlets stocking ITCs Greetings Cards (Expressions). Planned as a stand-alone gift item, especially for festive occasions, the plan is to utilize the available in-house greeting cards distribution channel to position the product, and gradually scale up visibility at various gift shops through a national roll-out. Cottage Industries, Pondicherry, produces half-a-million packs of handmade Spriha agarbattis per month for ITC under a contractual agreement. ITC follows strict quality parameters in all its sectors and in this sector has expressly stated that it will buy from any cottage industry that agrees to adhere to their quality standards. GROWTH STRATEGIES Growth strategies are defined to achieve growth in sales, assets profits or

The Meaning of Political Theory

The Meaning of Political Theory DISCUSSING THE MEANING OF POLITICAL THEORY Harold Lasswell (1936) defines politics as ‘Who gets what, when and how,’ Leftwitch, (2004). No wonder, then, a myriad of attempts has been made to come up with a conclusive and all-encompassing analytical approach to this study of ‘who gets what, when and how’. Some of these, of course, include; scientific approach, philosophical approach as well as theoretical approach to the study of politics, Heywood (2007). It is the latter, however, which is the scope of this discussion. While science refers to a means of acquiring political knowledge through observation, experimentation and measurement using empirical evidence, philosophy is a means by which any abstract thought about politics is covered in search for, both, wisdom and understanding, Heywood (2004). Before going any farther into the discussion, a look at the meaning of the word theory is imperative. The dictionary meanings of the word theory are (1); a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or exists, (2) the principles on which a particular subject is based (3) opinion or idea that somebody believes is true but that is not proved, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 7th Edition, (2006). Political theory, in this context, is an academic discipline that studies politics based on the following premises; it involves the analytical studies of ideas and doctrines that have been central to the political thought; it studies the ends and means of political action; it is concerned with ethical and normative questions; it draws upon the example of economic theory in building up models based on procedural rules usually about self interested behaviour of individuals involved like the bourgeoisie or the proletariat; it examines what major thinkers said, how they developed or justified their views; it attempts to, better, understand behaviour of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyist and bureaucrats, Heywood, (2004). Basically Political Theory analyses political concepts and their relationship to actual political practice. This is done through; Concepts, Models, Theories and Ideologies. Concepts, to begin with, are general ideas or mental constructs by which attempts are made to draw out meaning from otherwise infinitely complex realities through logical presentations. They are tools with which human beings think, criticize, argue, explain and analyze political developments. Examples include liberty, human rights, equality, power, authority, order and law Heywood (2004). Second tool of political theory are Models. Models are representations of empirical data that aim to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables. These are built around a number of concepts with an aim of making a vivid resemblance of the original object without necessarily becoming its copy.They are analytical tools through which meaning can be imposed upon a massive and disorganized collection of facts. An example is the Easton Systems Model of state by David Easton (1953) cited by Heywood (2007). Third on the list of tools of political theory are ‘theories’ or simply put macro theories.Theories, often used interchangeably with models, are comprehensive, systematic, consistent and reliable explanations and predictions of relationships among specific variables. Theories are explained through models, for example, theories of collectivism, pluralism, elitism, and functionalism. These may be explained by a model of state, model of electoral competition, or model of group politics, Heywood (2007). Last on the tools through which political theory does the analysis of politics are Ideologies. The term Ideology was coined during French Revolution by Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) Ideologies are intellectual frameworks comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. They are main beliefs that outline how political change can and should be brought about. They provide a broad range of political creeds and traditions which provide basis of political action. Examples of political Ideologies are Conservatism, Socialism, Communism, and Fascism of course, just to mention but a few, Heywood (2004) In as much as there is an appreciation on the arguments of the four tools of Concepts, Models, Theories and Ideologies to the theoretical approach to the study of politics on one hand, a number of weaknesses can be observed in this ‘tool’ based approach on the other. The first problem encountered with political concepts is that they are, often, difficult to disentangle from the moral, philosophical and ideological views of those who advance them. Another problem is that political concepts often become the subject of intellectual and ideological controversy. It is not uncommon for political argument to take place between people who assert to uphold the same principle or ideal which is reflected in attempts to establish a particular conception of a concept as objectively correct, as in the case of true democracy, freedom, justice and so forth, Heywood (2004). An additional problem with political concepts is fetishism. This occurs when concepts are treated as though they ha ve a concrete existence separate from the human beings who use them. In short, words are treated as things, rather than as devices for understanding things. The complexity of political reality also renders concepts insufficient to explain political practice as some concepts are multi-faceted in nature and are a subject to profound ideological controversy, Heywood (2004). Although models are a simplification of reality, they are not a reliable knowledge in themselves as they have hidden values. These values and beliefs may intrude into the process of model and theory building thereby making it impracticable to create purely empirical theories or models. This means that models and theories contain some biases, Heywood (2004). Ideologies are the ‘Grand Thought’ of any political institution. Despite being such major themes in the political arena, ideologies command no objective standard of truth against which they can bejudged. As a matter of fact, there are different perspectives on ideologies. For instance, Liberals, have viewed ideologies as officially endorsed belief systems that claim a monopoly of truth, for example communism and fascism. Conservatives have traditionally regarded ideologies as manifestations of the arrogance of rationalism. Socialists have seen ideologies as body of ideas that conceal the contradictions of class society, thereby promoting false perception and political obedience amongst subordinate classes per se, Heywood (2004). Having looked at political theory from an academic perspective as based on the premises on which it operates, the concepts, the models, the theories and the ideologies with their relationship to real political practice, I would, therefore, understand political theory as an approach to the study of politics based on mere social constructs, of course, without proof. REFERENCES Heywood, A. (2004). Political Theory: An Introduction, London Palgrave. Heywood, A. (2007). Politics (3rd Ed) London: Palgrave. Hoffman, J. and Graham, P. (2009).Introduction to Political Theory (2nd Ed): Pearson Education Limited, England. Leftwich, A. (2004).(Ed) What is Politics? Cambridge: Polity Press. Wehmeier, S. et. al (2006). (Ed): Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, (7th Edition), International Student’s Edition. Oxford University Press. The meaning of political theory The meaning of political theory THE MEANING OF POLITICAL THEORY Human life is a complex creation on the earth’s surface. It is inevitably interesting to think of how humans think about where they come from, where they are now, their values and norms, differing views and perception about the social, economic and political arrangements of the world they live in, and their hope for a better society or world. Aristotle, (1996) argues that man is by nature a political animal. This further complicates the already complex human life as it entails that Politics exists at every corner of human life and is an intrinsic feature of mankind, despite controversies on what is ‘political’ and not. These arguments further erupt over the legitimate order and meaning of political phenomenon or empirical political actions, with regards to what Heywood, (2004) refers to as political values or normative concepts, for instance; justice, liberty, rights, equality, and descriptive concepts like; power, order and law, to mention a few. Political theory is, therefore, concerned with ethical or normative questions like, ‘How should power be distributed amongst individuals and the state?’, ‘What should the limit of an individual’s rights and liberty be?’. But then, what is Political Theory? This paper discusses the meaning of Political theory and attempts to find a better definition of the nomenclature. The desire to find the meaning to Political Theory requires the meaning of theory. The word theory originates from the Greek word â€Å"theoria†, meaning the act or procedure or state of contemplation over something going on with the intention to understand it. Political Theory may, therefore, be described as the act or procedure of having a long thoughtful observation, with intention of understanding the meaning of what may be referred to as â€Å"political†. However, this is not a description enough to quench the desire for a better definition, hence rendering political theory contested. As defined by Held, (1991: cited by Farrelly, 2004), political theory is â€Å" a network of concepts and generalizations about political life involving ideas, assumptions and statements about the nature, purpose and key features of government, state and society and about the political capabilities of human beings†. Heywood, (2004) also contends that political theory is sets of ideas or an idea that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon prevailing political phenomena. In general, political theory essentially provides necessary analytical tools like; concepts, models, theories and ideologies, to analyze, understand and criticize Political thought and practice. Concepts, as described by Heywood, (2004) serve as building blocks of human knowledge and are, therefore, general idea or mental construct through which meaning is draw out from an otherwise infinitely complex reality. State, presidency, and political party are examples of concepts. However, the complexity of political reality often renders some concepts insufficient to explain, in great deal, political practice and are often contested, hence Heywood, (2004)’s argument that Politics as a struggle over the legitimacy of concepts. On this background, models and theories were developed. Models successfully devise representations of empirical data that aim at advancing understanding of a number of concepts by highlighting the significant relationships and interactions among them. A theory comprises many models and establishes an explanatory proposition which comprehensively, systematically, consistently and reliably explains and predicts, in full details, political actions and behavior. Pluralism is an example of a theory and is explained by models of the state, electoral competition and group Politics. Theories are, however, not enough analytical tools to give a wider explanation of the structure of the world and predict future events, hence the need for a more comprehensive tool ideologies or paradigms. Heywood, (2004) describes ideologies as intellectual frameworks that comprise interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. Liberalism, Socialism and Conservatism are examples of Political Ideologies. These grand philosophical thoughts explain reality based on the assumptions of what is going on. For instance, if a state claims to be a Liberal, assumptions like; existence of capitalist economic system, an individual’s space, that is, rights and liberty, precede that of the collective, individual property ownership, are drawn. Analysis made on ideologies revealed their short falls, hence, led to establishment of other ideologies in reaction to these short falls. For instance, the failure of capitalism, liberal’s economic system, to redistribute wealth between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat led to the evolution of Socialism which emphasizes welfarism. Most students studying Politics confuse Political theory to[G1] other disciplines that deal with politics, such as political philosophy, political science and history. It is, however, important that a distinction line be drawn among these fields of study. Political theory can be meaningless to the exclusion of history and political philosophy. History enriches us with enough knowledge of the political strives that states have experienced and evolved through. It also informs the strains and stress that lead to the creation of political ideologies through the remarkable works of Aristotle, Plato and other great thinkers. Political theory dwells in these premises; digs out the history of states and governments; analyzes their grand philosophical thoughts, known as political ideologies in order to understand, explain and/or criticize them, and predict future events. Political theory deals with fundamental problems of the state, such as rights, liberty, justice and equality to mention a few. It does not create the fundamentals themselves, but only tries to analyze, understand and explain them so as to predict better social, economic and political arrangements that will create what Heywood, (2004) refers to as a ‘good or just society’. For example, Political theory is not concerned with what liberty and rights are. It is rather interested in comprehending the extent to which the exercise of rights and liberty is just. Political tTheory can be approached in two imperative ways. On one hand is the normative or tradition approach which concentrates on the historical, philosophical, institutional and legal orientations of political phenomenon, for instance, Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the state. On the other hand empirical approach believes in facts, as opposed to values, obtained through scientific methods to make sense of political behavior; for example, David Easton’s model of a political system. Political theory invariably treasures both normative values and empirical facts in order to predict a just society. It is apparent from the discussions on this paper that a precise definition for political theory is invariably difficult as it is subject to contention due to its complexity. It incorporates necessary aspects of history, political philosophy and political science. Nevertheless, political theory can be describes as nothing but a field of study that provides analytical tools, like; concepts, models, theories and ideologies or paradigms in order to impose meaning, understanding, criticism and prediction of political thought and action. It treasures both normative values and empirical facts to predict political phenomenon and it is through a vast knowledge of these analytical tools that a ‘just society’ can be predicted. REFERENCES Aristotle, (1996). The Politics and the Constitution of Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Farrelly, C. (2004). Contemporary Political Theory, London: Sage Publications Heywood, A. (2004). Political Theory, An Introduction, 3rd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan 1 [G1]Wrong preposition

The Most Important Qualities of An Outstanding Educator Essay -- essay

The Most Important Qualities of An Outstanding Educator   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An outstanding educator possesses unique qualities that set him or her apart from others in the field. Ask any student about a favorite teacher and listen intently as he or she describes that person with a smile. Ask a parent of a child who will enter first grade in the fall about the teacher choice for their child. The parent would describe the outstanding educator in their desire for that special teacher. The qualities of an outstanding educator are easily recognized by those whose lives they touch, shape, and change on a daily basis. It is in this writing piece that they will be described and discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outstanding educators are caring. While most educators possess this quality, it is the notable teacher that is able to transcend his or her feelings into concrete and measurable ways that demonstrate an investment in the individual student. The outstanding educator asks and continues to ask; what can I do for this child? What does this child need? How will I deliver? What resources are available? The student’s progress and goals are constantly assessed and evaluated. Outstanding educators care about the whole child- academically and socially.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another important quality of an outstanding educator is competence. Outstanding teachers are highly capable. They know how to do their job, and they do it very well. They are smart, well ed...